Supporting documents for Budget 2025

Impact on households: distributional analysis to accompany Budget 2025

This document sets out the estimated impact of changes to tax, welfare and public service spending policy that carry a direct, quantifiable impact on households. It also presents estimates of the overall level of tax paid and public spending received by households.

Policy costings

This document sets out the assumptions and methodologies used in the government’s costing of policy decisions announced since Spring Statement 2025.  For each decision it contains a description of the measure, the base, and the methodology for the costing (including relevant adjustments for behavioural responses). It highlights the main areas of additional uncertainty.

Data sources

This document sets out the data sources used in charts, tables and text in the Budget 2025 document. This should be read in parallel to the references contained in the Budget 2025 document.

Table 4.1 Budget 2025 Policy Decisions

Table 4.1 shows the cost or yield of all government decisions accounted for at Budget 2025 which have a direct effect on Public Sector Net Borrowing (PSNB) in the years up to 2030-31. This includes tax measures, changes to aggregate Departmental Expenditure Limits (DEL) and measures affecting annually managed expenditure (AME).

Table 4.2 Measures announced at Spring Statement 2025 or earlier that will take effect from 27 November 2025 or later

Table 4.2 shows the cost or yield of all announced government policy decisions that will take effect from 27 November 2025 or later, with a direct effect on Public Sector Net Borrowing (PSNB), costed using the determinants from the OBR’s November 2025 forecast in the years up to 2030-31. This includes tax measures, and measures affecting annually managed expenditure (AME).