This guidance applies to businesses in Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) exporting or moving live animals to, or through:

• the EU
• non-EU countries
• Northern Ireland

You need an export health certificate (EHC) to export live animals.

Follow the rules in this guidance to find out what you need to do.

You need to follow different guidance for:

• pet dogs, cats and ferrets
• horses
• fish and shellfish
• livestock and poultry
• endangered animals
• exporting ungulates (hooved animals) and captive-bred birds for conservation, display, education and research to the EU

If you want to export captive birds with an ‘826’ transponder, you must also register them with Defra.

Export or move live animals to the EU or Northern Ireland

You need an EHC to:

• export live animals from Great Britain to the EU
• move live animals from Great Britain to Northern Ireland
• transit through the EU and Northern Ireland

You also need to:

• get your animals checked at an EU border control post (BCP) in the first country you enter that is approved for the category of animal you are exporting
• make sure the point of entry in Northern Ireland is approved for the animals you are moving to Northern Ireland
• make sure your EU or Northern Ireland-based import agent notifies the BCP or Northern Ireland point of entry that your consignment is arriving at least 24 hours in advance
• comply with wider HMRC guidance on customs requirements for exporting to the EU
• follow HMRC guidance for moving goods from Great Britain to Northern Ireland
• follow rules on identifying animals, if you want to export or move them to the EU or Northern Ireland

Check if you need an EHC

Check the export health certificate (EHC) finder to see if a certificate exists for your animal.

If you find an EHC, follow the EHC process to export.

If you cannot find an EHC, you’ll need to contact the competent authority in Northern Ireland or the EU country you’re exporting to, in advance, to find out what:

• paperwork you’ll need to fill in
• rules you need to comply with

The competent authority means the equivalent of the Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs in the EU country you’re exporting to. DAERA is the competent authority in Northern Ireland.

If the competent authority says that you need an EHC, you’ll need to get their import conditions. Email the conditions to APHA at exports@apha.gov.uk who’ll arrange an EHC for you.

If you’re moving live animals to Northern Ireland, you do not need to pay for them to be inspected and certified. The certifier invoices the government for these costs as part of the Movement Assistance Scheme.

Checks at EU BCPs or points of entry in Northern Ireland

You must get your animals and animal products checked at an EU BCP or point of entry in Northern Ireland.

These checks are made to protect:

• animal health and welfare
• public health

Your goods may be refused entry, seized, destroyed or returned to Great Britain if they arrive at:

• a port in the EU without a BCP or where checks cannot be carried out
• an EU BCP that cannot check your type of animal
• an EU BCP without the correct documentation

Find the correct BCP for your goods

You must find a BCP that accepts the live animal you’re exporting, as not all BCPs accept all live animals. You’ll need to consider how to redirect your trade route if needed.

There are more than 400 BCPs in the EU and they’re usually at EU ports and airports.

Check the full list of EU BCPs.

Give advance notice to EU BCPs or points of entry in Northern Ireland

You’ll need to give EU BCPs or points of entry in Northern Ireland advance notice of goods arriving.

Contact your import agent in the EU or Northern Ireland to make sure they notify the BCP through the Trade Control and Expert System (TRACES) of the arrival of the consignment.

They must give the BCP or point of entry at least 24 hours’ notice.

What happens if your live animals fail inspection at a BCP

If your animal fails inspection because of risks to animal or public health, it will be destroyed immediately. If the animals fail for other reasons, the BCP will:

• notify your importer or agent
• ask them to decide whether your goods should be destroyed or returned to the UK

The BCP will not usually contact you directly.

Rejected live animals

Live animals rejected at EU BCPs may, subject to a risk assessment, re-enter Great Britain through any point of entry.

Rejected goods are consignments rejected by the competent authority in an EU country. Consignments rejected for commercial reasons cannot be returned as rejected goods.

There are certain documentary requirements to return rejected goods to Great Britain from the EU. The Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) will notify you if the returned consignment needs to enter through a BCP or can enter through any point of entry.

Document requirements for rejected live animals

To return a consignment, submit an import notification on the import of products, animals, food and feed system (IPAFFS).

If your consignment is rejected at a point of entry in Northern Ireland and does not include cattle from Northern Ireland, you do not need to submit a notification on IPAFFS. You should instead email APHA’s Centre for International Trade (CIT) at imports@apha.gov.uk. You must state in your email that you wish to return your consignment to Great Britain.

If your consignment is rejected at a point of entry in Northern Ireland and includes cattle from Northern Ireland, you must submit a notification on IPAFFS.

Attach these documents to the IPAFFS notification (or to your email if your consignment is rejected at a point of entry in Northern Ireland and does not include cattle):

• the original export certificate and related documentation
• statement from the EU BCP of the reasons why the returned animals were refused by the EU BCP
• statement from the EU BCP with details of the premises in which the animals were kept since leaving Great Britain, for example in quarantine or in isolation
• declaration by the person responsible for the returned animals that the import conditions relating to transport have been complied with in relation to the returned animals, such as animal welfare requirements
• declaration by the person responsible for the animals that they have not been in contact with any other animal of a lesser health status (an animal with a potentially lower level of health as a result of specific diseases) since leaving Great Britain

For the IPAFFS notification, the ‘country of origin’ is the country where the rejecting BCP is located.

Email APHA Centre for International Trade (CIT) at imports@apha.gov.uk to tell them that you’ve submitted an IPAFFS notification.

In the title of the email:

• state that the message is about an IPAFFS notification for the return of a consignment
• include the Unique Notification Number that IPAFFS generates when the notification is submitted

APHA will assess this information to decide the conditions of import and if the consignment will have to be returned through any point of entry or a BCP.

APHA will issue you with a written authorisation. The consignment cannot be returned until you have received this authorisation. You must comply with the conditions of the authorisation.

Documents to transport live animals

You need EU-issued documents to transport live animals:

• direct from Great Britain to the EU
• through the EU to a non-EU country

You should apply to an EU member state where you have representation to get a:

• transport authorisation
• certificate of competence
• vehicle approval certificate

The EU will no longer recognise UK-issued versions of these documents.

You can use Great Britain-issued transporter authorisations, certificates of competence, and vehicle approval certificates in Northern Ireland.

You can use Northern Ireland-issued transporter authorisations, certificates of competence, and vehicle approval certificates in Great Britain.

Journey logs

To transport live animals from, or through, Great Britain to the EU you’ll need to apply for 2 journey logs:

• one approved by the EU member state which is the first point of entry into the EU
• one approved by APHA (or DAERA, if the journey originates in Northern Ireland)

For further information on documents to transport live animals, contact APHA: CITCarlisle@apha.gov.uk or DAERA.

Export to non-EU countries

You’ll usually need to complete an EHC and some supporting documents to export a live animal.

Check the EHC finder to see if a certificate exists for your animal or product. If you find an EHC, follow the EHC process to export.

If you cannot find an EHC for your product, you’ll need to contact the competent authority in the country you’re exporting to, in advance, to find out what:

• paperwork you’ll need to fill in
• rules you need to comply with

If the competent authority says that you need an EHC, you’ll need to get their import conditions. Email the conditions to APHA at exports@apha.gov.uk who’ll arrange an EHC for you.

Welfare standards for transporting live animals

You must make sure you meet animal welfare standards when transporting animals.

Endangered animals

You need to follow some additional rules when exporting endangered animals.

If the species is on the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) list, you may need permits to export the animal from the UK. Follow the advice on exporting endangered species.

Use the Species+ tool to search for the animal. Check which annex (A, B, C or D) it’s classified as under EU wildlife trade regulations.